澳大利亚普亚律师事务所

澳大利亚457签证重大政策改变

澳大利亚普亚律师事务所

2017年4月18日

2017年4月18日，澳大利亚总理Malcolm Turnbull正式宣布会取消457工作签证，强调企业在考虑雇佣海外人士前，必须优先为澳大利亚人提供工作机会。

457工作签证是一种可以给予具有职业技能的签证申请人在澳大利亚居住工作4年权利的签证，需要由澳大利亚本地企业担保并提名。在持有此签证一定年限并满足相关条件后，该签证持有人可以申请获取永久居民签证。截止2016年9月30日，共有95，757个持有457工作签证者在澳大利亚。统计数字显示457签证持有人主要是印度人，其次是英国人占19.5%，中国人持有457签证的比例为5.8%，大约5554人左右。

澳大利亚联邦政府宣布会采取新的签证政策（命名为Temporary SkillShortage Visa, 简称 TSS）替代457签证系统，同时会公布新的技术移民的职业清单，减少大约200多的职业。新的签证系统为两种：一是短期临时签证，时间为两年临时签证，结束时间可以再延长两年，但是不能最终申请移民；二是中期临时签证，时间为四年临时签证，可以转为永居。新TSS系统基本要求如下：

更新的职业清单；
对申请人要求至少两年的工作经验；
不低于市场最低工资；
强制性的劳动力市场测试（除非有国际义务）*；
在短期签证后只有一次境内申请延期再次获得短期签证的机会；
在持有中期临时签证3年后可以申请延期或者永居；
对担保企业进行反歧视检测以确保该企业没有对澳大利亚本地工作者歧视；
增强担保企业对培训澳大利亚本地工作者的持续投入；
澳大利亚移民局和税务局通过税号以及信息沟通对照税务局记录；
强制性的无罪记录要求。

同时移民局加强了申请企业担保类永久居住签证资格和条件的要求：

更紧的英文要求；
申请人至少3年工作经验；
必须小于45岁；
继续增强担保企业对培训澳大利亚本地工作者的持续投入；
必须支付澳大利亚市场工作标准并且不低于法定技术移民收入门槛#；

目前对于边远地区担保类签证的优惠继续保有，包括职业清单上的优待，提名费用减免，以及年龄条件放宽等等。

自2017年4月19日，就是明天开始，新的职业清单会实施，其中会有大约200多个职业会被移除出职业清单。^

此项签证改革将在2018年3月实行。

注释：

*目前中国应当和澳大利亚有特殊协议，针对中国签证申请者，可能不需要了劳动力市场测试；

#法定收入门槛2016年4月截止为$53,900.

^ 清单如下：

Occupation	ANZSCO Code
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Worker	411511
Actor	211111
Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers NEC	211199
Aeroplane Pilot	231111
Air Traffic Controller	231112
Air Transport Professionals NEC	231199
Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (Avionics)	323111
Amusement Centre Manager	149111
Antique Dealer	142112
Apparel Cutter	393211
Archaeologist	272414
Archivist	224211
Art Director (Film, Television or Stage)	212311
Artistic Director	212111
Auctioneer	611111
Author	212211
Bed and Breakfast Operator	141911
Betting agency Manager	142113
Biochemist	234513
Biotechnologist	234514
Blacksmith	322111
Boarding Kennel or Cattery Operator	149911
Broadcast Transmitter Operator	399511
Building and Engineering Technicians NEC	312999
Business Broker	612111
Butcher or Smallgoods Maker	351211
Call or Contact Centre Manager	149211
Canvas Goods Fabricator	393111
Caravan Park and Camping Ground Manager	141211
Cinema or Theatre Manager	149912
Clinical Coder	599915
Clothing Patternmaker	393212
Clothing Trades Workers NEC	393299
Commissioned Defence Force Officer	139111
Commissioned Fire Officer	139112
Commissioned Police Officer	139113
Communications Operator	342312
Community Arts Worker	272611
Composer	211211
Conservation Officer	234311
Construction Estimator	312114
Conveyancer	599111
Corporate Treasurer	221212
Court Bailiff or Sheriff (Aus) / Court Collections Officer (NZ)	599212
Deer Farmer	121314
Defence Force Member - Other Ranks	441111
Defence Force Senior Officer	111212
Dental Hygienist	411211
Dental Prosthetist	411212
Dental Therapist	411214
Detective	441311
Director of Photography	212313
Diver	399911
Dog or Horse Racing Official	452318
Drama Teacher (Private Tuition)	249213
Dressmaker or Tailor	393213
Driller	712211
Driving Instructor	451211
Education Reviewer	249112
Electorate Officer	224911
Electronic Engineering Draftsperson	312411
Electronic Engineering Technician	312412
Electroplater	322112
Emergency Service Worker	441211
Engineering Patternmaker	323411
Engraver	323311
Entertainer or Variety Artist	211113
Environmental Health Officer	251311
Exercise Physiologist	234915
Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors NEC	212399
Financial Institution Branch Manager	149914
Fire Fighter	441212
Fire Protection Equipment Technician	399918
First Aid Trainer	451815
Fisheries Officer	311311
Flight Attendant	451711
Floor Finisher	332111
Flying Instructor	231113
Food Technologist	234212
Funeral Director	451311
Funeral Workers NEC	451399
Futures Trader	222212
Gallery or Museum Technician	399311
Gas or Petroleum Operator	399212
Geophysicist	234412
Goat Farmer	121315
Golfer	452412
Graphic Pre-press Trades Worker	392211
Gunsmith	323312
Helicopter Pilot	231114
Historian	272411
Homoeopath	252212
Horse Trainer	361112
Human Resource Adviser	223111
Hydrogeologist	234413
Hydrographer	311415
ICT Support and Test Engineers NEC	263299
ICT Support Technicians NEC	313199
Importer or Exporter	133311
Insurance Investigator	599611
Insurance Risk Surveyor	599613
Intellectual Property Lawyer	271214
Intelligence Officer	224411
Interior Decorator	399912
Jockey	452413
Judge	271211
Kennel Hand	361115
Leather Goods Maker	393112
Legal Executive	599112
Liaison Officer	224912
Licensed Club Manager	141411
Life Scientist (General)	234511
Life Scientists NEC	234599
Light Technician	399513
Magistrate	271212
Maintenance Planner	312911
Marine Surveyor	231215
Marine Transport Professionals NEC	231299
Market Research Analyst	225112
Master Fisher	231211
Mechanical Engineering Draftsperson	312511
Media Producer (excluding Video)	212112
Metal Casting Trades Worker	322114
Metal Polisher	322115
Metallurgist	234912
Microbiologist	234517
Migration Agent (Aus)	224913
Mothercraft Nurse	411412
Multimedia Designer	232413
Music Director	211212
Music Professionals NEC	211299
Musical Instrument Maker or Repairer	399515
Natural and Physical Science Professionals NEC	234999
Nurse Researcher	254212
Nurseryperson	362411
Operating Theatre Technician	311214
Optical Dispenser (Aus) / Dispensing Optician (NZ)	399913
Optical Mechanic	399914
Other Sports Official	452323
Painter (Visual Arts)	211411
Park Ranger	234314
Parole or Probation Officer	411714
Pathology Collector (Aus) / Phlebotomist (NZ)	311216
Petroleum Engineer	233612
Plastics Technician	399916
Plumbing Inspector	312115
Police Officer	441312
Policy Analyst	224412
Policy and Planning Manager	132411
Potter or ceramic artist	211412
Prison Officer	442111
Procurement Manager	133612
Production Manager (Manufacturing)	133512
Public Relations Manager	131114
Quarantine Officer	311313
Radio Journalist	212414
Radio Presenter	212113
Railway Station Manager	149412
Regional Education Manager	134412
Research and Development Manager	132511
Retail Buyer	639211
Retirement Village Manager	141912
Safety Inspector	312611
Sail Maker	393113
Sales Representative (Industrial Products)	225411
Sales Representative (Medical and Pharmaceutical Products)	225412
Saw Maker and Repairer	323315
School Laboratory Technician	311414
Screen Printer	392112
Sculpter	211413
Senior Non-commissioned Defence Force Member	139211
Shearer	361211
Shoemaker	393114
Singer	211214
Small Offset Printer	392312
Sports Administrator	139915
Sports Umpire	452322
Stock and Station Agent	611112
Surveying or Spatial Science Technician	312116
Technicians and Trades Workers NEC	399999
Telecommunications Cable Jointer	342412
Telecommunications Technician	342414
Television Equipment Operator	399517
Television Presenter	212114
Training and Development Professional	223311
Translator	272413
Travel Agency Manager	142116
Travel Attendants NEC	451799
Tribunal Member	271213
Turf Grower	121218
Vehicle Painter	324311
Vocational Education Teacher (Non-Trades)	242211
Vocational Education Teacher (Trades)	242211
Web Developer	261212
Wholesaler	133312
Wood Turner	394214
Wool Buyer	639212
Wool Classer	399917
Workplace Relations Advisor	223113
Zookeeper	361114

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